降水变化对中国南方强酸雨分布的影响     

谢志清  杜银  曾燕  李亚春  严明良  焦圣明 《地理学报(英文版)》2009,19(4):489-501

Acid rain has been recognized as a serious environmental problem in China since the 1980s, but little is known about the effects of the climatic change in regional precipitation on the temporal and spatial variability of severe acid rain. We present the effects of the re-gional precipitation trend change on the area and intensity of severe acid rain in southern China, and the spatio-temporal distribution characteristics of SO2 and NO2 concentrations are analyzed on the basis of SO2 and NO2 column concentration data. The results are as follows. (1) The emission levels of SO2 and NO2 have reached or passed the precipitation scavenging capacity in parts of southern China owing to the emission totals of SO2 and NO2 increasing from 1993 to 2004. (2) Notable changes in the proportion of cities subject to severe acid rain occurred mainly in the south of the middle-lower reaches of the Yangtze River during 1993-2004. With an abrupt change in 1999, the severe acid rain regions were mainly located in central and western China during 1993-1999 and moved obviously eastward to the south of the lower-middle reaches of the Yangtze River with the proportion of cities subject to se-vere acid rain increasing significantly from 2000 to 2004. (3) The spatial distribution and variation in the seasonal precipitation change rate of more than 10 mm/10a are similar to those of severe acid rain in southern China. An abrupt change in 1999 is seen for winter and summer precipitation, the same as for the proportion of cities subject to severe acid rain in southern China. The significant increase in summer storm precipitation from 1991 to 1999 mitigated the annual precipitation acidity in the south of the Yangtze River and reduced the area of severe acid rainfall. On the other hand, the decrease in storm rainfall in summer ex-panded the area of severe acid rainfall in the south of the Yangtze River in 2000-2006. Therefore, the change in seasonal precipitation is an important factor in the severe acid rain regions moving eastward and expanding in southern China.  相似文献   

Experimental study on three dimensional movements of particles Effects of particle diameter on velocity and concentration distributions     

Limo TANG  Xingkui WANG 《国际泥沙研究》2009,24(2)

Based on the three Dimensional Particle Tracking Velocimetry (3D PTV) system, the characteristics of motion of particles with four different diameters were investigated under the steady flow conditions.The longitudinal average velocity profiles of these particles were in accordance with Log-law, while the vertical and transverse velocities remained very low with minimal fluctuation. The time-average velocity of particles in the bed load layer was 8.5u., close to Bagnold's assumption Un -ω. The vertical concentration distribution of particles in the suspension region agreed with the Rouse equation. When the diameter of particles was relatively large, there existed an evident concentration gradient in the bed load layer.  相似文献   

Annual budget of benthic production in Mont Saint-Michel Bay considering cloudiness,microphytobenthos migration,and variability of respiration rates with tidal conditions     

A. Migné  N. Spilmont  G. Boucher  L. Denis  C. Hubas  M.-A. Janquin  M. Rauch  D. Davoult 《Continental Shelf Research》2009

In order to provide an accurate annual rate of net benthic community production, community photosynthetic response to incident irradiance and respiration were measured at different times of the year, at mid-tide level on the muddiest part of the Mont Saint-Michel Bay. As the water turbidity prevented any photosynthesis by the microphytobenthos during immersion periods, primary production was measured only during emersion periods. In contrast respiration was expected to vary according to the tidal cycle and was measured during both emersion and immersion periods. Primary production and respiration rates under emersion were assessed using in situ infra-red gas analysis of CO₂ exchange measured in a benthic chamber. Respiration rates under immersion were assessed through total CO₂ concentration variations in incubated cores.  相似文献   

Seasonal variations in heavy metals concentrations in Mt. Qomolangma Region snow     

DUAN Jianping  WANG Lily  REN Jiawen  LI Lun  HAN Junqing 《地理学报》2009,19(2):249-256

The concentrations of heavy metals Ba, Pb, Cu, Zn and Co in snow pit collected in September, 2005 from the accumulation area of the East Rongbuk Glacier (6523 m a.s.l.), which lies on the northern slope of Mt. Qomolangma, were determined by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Concentrations (pg/ml) of heavy metals are Ba2-227, Co2.8-15.7, Cu10-120, Zn29-4948 and Pb14-142, respectively. The δ18O was determined by MAT-252. The time period of the snow pit spans from autumn 2005 to summer 2004. Seasonal variations of the concentrations and δ18O are observed, of which Pb, Cu, Zn and Co are much lower in summer monsoon season than that in non summer monsoon season, suggesting that different sources of heavy metals contributed to the site. EFc (crustal enrichment factors) is Co3.6, Cu27, Pb33 and Zn180, respectively. Higher EFc values of Pb, Cu and Zn suggest that Pb, Cu especially Zn are mainly contributed by anthropogenic sources.  相似文献   

多孔岩石波传播的热弛豫模型修正   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

杜赟  席道瑛  徐松林  易良坤 《地球物理学报》2009,52(12):3051-3060

经研究发现热弛豫模型的衰减比BISQ模型大得较多,与地球介质相比衰减量也过大;反演与实验结果相比在虚模量的低频(或低温)端和高频(或高温)端相差较大,仅在峰值附近符合较好.针对上述不足,将Arrhenius关系直接引进Biot模型,替换原模型引进的峰值点的频率对数和温度关系,并重新调整了模型参数.这样既改善了原模型衰减量过大,又克服了模型反演中虚模量峰值曲线两侧差异较大的缺点.进行了P波和S波的波传播分析,仍然在频率谱和温度谱上获得热弛豫峰和Biot峰.分析显示热弛豫峰导致波速随频率升高而上升的普遍规律,Biot峰导致波速随温度升高而上升的异常现象.在相同条件下对Biot模型,BISQ模型和热弛豫模型的P波波速和衰减进行了对比.热弛豫模型得到的速度频散更强,频散范围更宽,所得的衰减峰值频率比BISQ模型要低,衰减幅度比BISQ模型稍大.这些结果与实验结果相近,更符合实际.  相似文献   

Feasibility Study on Determining Focal Mechanism Solutions of Small Earthquakes Using the Velocity Amplitude Ratio of -and -Waves     

Zhang Yongjiu  Cheng Wanzheng 《中国地震研究》2008,22(3):276-285

The focal mechanism parameters of small earthquakes are determined by the maximum velocity and displacement amplitude ratio of the direct ^-P- and ^-S-waves recorded by digital stations. The displacement is obtained from the velocity by emulation, and the two results are compared and analyzed. Results of theoretical analysis and practical measurement indicate that the two results of velocity and displacement are consistent, and it is feasible that the maximum displacement amplitude ratio be replaced by the maximum velocity amplitude ratio of the direct ^-P-and ^-S- waves recorded by regional seismic networks when determining focal mechanism solutions of small earthquakes.  相似文献   

Precise Measurement of Subsurface Seismic Velocity Variation by Coda Wave Interferometry     

Xia Yu  Wang Baoshan  Ge Hongkui  Chen Yong 《中国地震研究》2008,22(4):366-373

A filed experiment was conducted continuously for three days, and the velocity variation was measured using coda wave interferometry. The measurement error is estimated to be around 10^-4, which coincides well with the theoretical error. The velocity variation during this period is up to 10^-3. The relationship between velocity variation and changes in air temperature, barometric pressure and solid earth tide was analyzed with linear least square fitting. The velocity has no dependence on air temperature, but displayed change of the order of 10^-6 - 10^-7 when the barometer or earth tide changed one Pa.  相似文献   

GPR velocity determination by image-wave remigration     

Amlia Novais  Jess Costa  Jrg Schleicher 《Journal of Applied Geophysics》2008,65(2):65-72

We have studied in detail the theoretical and numerical properties of a finite-difference algorithm for image-wave time-remigration. For a number of synthetic models, numerical experiments have been performed. For these examples, we obtained perfect agreement between the theoretical predictions and numerical results. The examples also prove the computational efficiency of the algorithm. An application to ground-penetrating-radar (GPR) data demonstrates that image-wave remigration can be used to estimate models with laterally varying velocities. The quality of the latter is confirmed by a final zero-offset time migration.  相似文献   

用接收函数研究川滇地区国家地震台下地壳厚度及波速比   总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0  

孙丽  刘瑞丰  黄志斌  陈友麟 《中国地震》2008,24(4)

本文利用远震接收函数的方法,对川滇地区的昆明、腾冲、成都和攀枝花等4个国家地震台的台基下方不同方向的莫霍面深度及波速比进行了研究和分析。结果表明:昆明地震台台基下方的莫霍面深度基本在50km左右,波速比为1.62～1.69,地壳厚度和波速比不因方向不同而发生明显的变化;腾冲地震台台基下方的地壳厚度有着比较明显的方向性,东北方向厚为40.7km,东南方向为49.7km,两个方向的波速比相差也很大,差值达到0.2;成都地震台台基下方莫霍面的深度在40km左右,但是东北和西南方向要加深8km,两个方向波速比相差0.13;攀枝花地震台台基下方的地壳厚度比较稳定,厚度在60km左右,波速比变化也不明显。  相似文献   

格尔木台数字与模拟地磁资料的一致性分析     

刘薇  李永强  邱鹏程 《高原地震》2008,20(1):44-47

对格尔木台正在运行的地磁相对记录数字资料及模拟资料进行了对比分析,总结出数字记录资料要明显优于模拟资料,数字仪器取代模拟仪器是必然趋势。  相似文献